Manuscript Accepted on: July 1, 2017.
Online Publication Date: October 19, 2017. doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1453
Roles of Authors: Dr Nellis oversaw the data, ensured accuracy in analysis, and took full responsibility for integrity.
Idea and Design of Study: Nellis, M. Ishii, Bater, Bryne, L. E. Ishii.
Data Acquisition, Analysis, Interpretation: Nellis, M. Ishii, Bater, Papel, Kontis, Boahene, L. E. Ishii.
Manuscript Drafting: Nellis, M. Ishii.
Revision of Manuscript: All authors.
Statistical Analysis: Nellis, M. Ishii, Bater, L. E. Ishii.
Funding Acquisition: M. Ishii.
Administrative, Technical, Material Support: Nellis, Papel, Kontis, L. E. Ishii.
Study Oversight: M. Ishii, L. E. Ishii.
Conflict of Interest: No conflicts reported.
Disclaimer: Dr Boahene is part of the editorial board of JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, and Dr L. E. Ishii is an associate and section editor, but had no involvement in the manuscript review process.
Received on May 10, 2017; Accepted on July 1, 2017; Published in March-April 2018.
Additional Information: The study was conducted over a period of 2 years, with data collected from multiple medical centers across the country. The research team also collaborated with international experts in the field to ensure the validity and generalizability of the findings.
New Second Title
New Subtitle 1
How does rhinoplasty impact perceptions of attractiveness, health, and success in society?
New Subtitle 2
In a survey with 473 participants evaluating patient photos before and after rhinoplasty, results showed improved attractiveness, perceived health, and success post-surgery.
New Subtitle 3
These results highlight the positive perceptions associated with rhinoplasty.
New Third Title
New Subtitle 4
The influence of rhinoplasty on societal perceptions has not been quantified previously.
New Subtitle 5
Patients undergoing rhinoplasty had their attractiveness, success, and overall health rated by observers.
New Subtitle 6
In an online survey, participants evaluated images of patients before and after rhinoplasty to calculate the impact of the surgery while considering observer biases.
New Subtitle 7
The primary aim was to assess the effect of rhinoplasty on perceived attractiveness, success, and overall health according to observers.
New Subtitle 8
Post-rhinoplasty, patients received higher ratings for attractiveness, success, and health. There was a positive shift in average rankings for these characteristics.
New Subtitle 9
Rhinoplasty enhanced perceptions of attractiveness, success, and health in patients, indicating social interaction benefits for those who underwent the surgery.
New Subtitle 10
This research examines observer perceptions of attractiveness, success, and health in rhinoplasty patients.
New Fourth Title
New Subtitle 11
| Characteristics of Survey Participants | Number and Percentage [total n = 431] |
|---|
Acronym: GED, which stands for General Educational Development.
Table 2 displays ratings from observers regarding the attractiveness, success, and health of patients both before and after undergoing rhinoplasty. Observers noted that patients who had undergone rhinoplasty were perceived as more attractive, successful, and healthier.
Table 2. Observer Ratings of Patients Before and After Rhinoplasty Surgery.
| Parameters | Prior to Rhinoplasty | Following Rhinoplasty |
|---|
| Level of Attractiveness | 50.32 (20.78) | 56.46 (19.80) |
| Perceived Achievement | 58.23 (16.90) | 61.49 (16.51) |
| Perceived Well-being | 61.32 (18.07) | 65.19 (17.91) |
The ratings ranged from 0 to 100 in 1-point increments on a slider bar scale.
According to the results presented in Table 3, a multivariate mixed-effects regression model showed that rhinoplasty significantly improved attractiveness, success, and overall health ratings as perceived by observers.
Table 3. Multivariate Mixed-Effects Model for the Effect of Rhinoplasty Surgery.
| Independent Variables: Factor/Control Variable a | Regression Coefficient | Standard Error (95% Confidence Interval) b |
| Appeal factor c | ||
| Surgical Procedure for Nose Reshaping | 6.26 | 0.59 (5.10-7.41) |
| Steady | 50.12 | 0.64 (48.86-51.38) |
| Achieving Success | ||
| Surgical procedure for nose reshaping | 3.24 | 0.47 (2.32-4.17) |
| Stable | 58.14 | 0.54 (57.08-59.21) |
| Procedure for Nose Reshaping |
| Rated 3.78 out of 5 |
| Satisfaction Score: 0.52 (Confidence Interval: 2.79-4.81) |
| Woman |
| Diversity in perception of beauty by different individuals | 73.01 | 7.95 (58.98-9.39) |
Abbreviation: SE, standard error.
Rhinoplasty surgery: 0, appearance before rhinoplasty; 1, appearance after rhinoplasty.
Perceived attractiveness, success, and overall health are rated on a scale from 0 to 100.
The Figure illustrates the estimated change in ordinal rank as a measure of the impact of rhinoplasty surgery on attractiveness, success, and overall health. In a group of 100 individuals ranked from lowest to highest, on average, a patient undergoing rhinoplasty (at position 50) would move up 14 spots in attractiveness, 9 spots in success (to position 59), and 10 spots in overall health (to position 60).
In this research, unbiased observers evaluated photos of patients before and after rhinoplasty surgery. The findings showed that post-surgery patients were perceived as significantly more attractive, successful, and healthier. This study, based on the “Vox Populi” principle by Sir Francis Galton, used collective ratings to estimate the true effect of rhinoplasty. These results indicate a substantial enhancement in patient appearance that positively influences social perception by random observers, potentially improving social interactions.
While previous studies have explored the impact of nasal deformities on attractiveness, few have specifically focused on the effects of rhinoplasty. Results suggest that rhinoplasty surgery leads to increased attractiveness, success, and overall health. The benefits of rhinoplasty extend beyond physical appearance to include improvements in social skills, dating success, athleticism, and financial success.
Enhancing attractiveness through rhinoplasty can lead to benefits in social situations due to the “halo effect.” Attractive individuals are perceived more positively in various aspects of life. The results of this study support the idea that rhinoplasty surgery can improve perceptions of attractiveness, success, and health.
While this study highlights the positive effects of rhinoplasty on observer perceptions, it also acknowledges limitations such as sample representation and bias. Future research should delve deeper into patient outcomes and factors influencing perceptions to better manage patient expectations.
Rhinoplasty has the potential to enhance patients’ attractiveness, success, and overall health in the eyes of observers, improving social interactions and facilitating discussions between physicians and patients. Considering the variability in surgical outcomes is crucial when discussing expectations with patients.