How common are overweight and obesity?
To determine if you are overweight or obese, health care professionals utilize the Body Mass Index (BMI), which compares your weight to your height. Overweight is classified as a BMI between 25 and 30, while obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. Calculating your BMI can indicate if you are at risk of health issues due to excess weight, and your health care provider can evaluate your individual risk based on your weight.
If you are struggling with weight management, adopting a healthy eating plan and engaging in regular physical activity can aid in weight loss and maintenance in the long run. In cases where lifestyle changes prove insufficient, medications may be prescribed to assist in weight control.
Some weight management medications work by suppressing appetite, making individuals feel full sooner and reducing their overall food intake. Others work by interfering with the absorption of fat in the digestive system, leading to fewer calories being absorbed by the body.
It’s important to note that these medications are typically prescribed for individuals with a BMI of 30 or higher, or a BMI of 27 or higher with obesity-related health conditions. They are meant to be used in combination with a healthy diet and regular exercise to achieve the best results.
While weight management medications can be effective for some people, they are not a magic solution and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider. They may come with potential side effects and risks, so it’s important to weigh the benefits and drawbacks before starting any medication.
Who might benefit from weight management medications?
Weight management medications are designed for individuals facing health issues linked to excess weight. Health care providers use BMI as a tool to determine if weight management medications would be beneficial. Adults with a BMI of 30 or higher, or a BMI of 27 or higher with weight-related health problems like hypertension or type 2 diabetes, may be prescribed these medications.
Although weight management medications are not suitable for everyone with a high BMI, improving lifestyle habits through behavioral changes, healthy eating, and physical activity can also aid in weight loss.
Can children or teenagers take weight management medications?
For children aged 12 and above, the FDA has approved four weight management medications, including orlistat (Xenical), liraglutide (Saxenda), phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), and semaglutide (Wegovy). A fifth medication, setmelanotide (IMCIVREE), is approved for children aged 6 and older with specific genetic disorders causing obesity.
It is important for parents and healthcare providers to carefully consider the risks and benefits of weight management medications for children and teenagers. These medications should be used in conjunction with a comprehensive weight management program that includes healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, and behavioral counseling.
Can medications replace physical activity and healthy eating habits as a way to lose weight?
Weight management medications should be integrated into a comprehensive lifestyle program that includes physical activity and healthy eating habits, as studies indicate they are most effective when combined.
What are the benefits of using prescription medications to lose weight?
Alongside lifestyle changes, prescription medications can aid in weight loss and maintenance for some individuals. Research shows that significant weight loss is achievable, leading to health improvements such as reduced blood sugar, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels.
Potential side effects of weight management medications:
Common side effects of prescription weight loss medications may include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, headache, dry mouth, and dizziness. In some cases, more serious side effects such as increased heart rate, high blood pressure, or mood changes may occur. It is important to promptly report any adverse reactions to your healthcare provider.
Additional precautions when taking weight management medications:
- Regularly monitor your weight, blood pressure, and heart rate while using weight management medications.
- Avoid alcohol consumption while taking weight loss medications, as it can increase the risk of side effects.
- Do not share your weight management medications with others, as they are prescribed based on individual health conditions.
- Follow up with your healthcare provider regularly to assess the effectiveness and safety of the medication.
- Remember that weight loss medications are just one part of a comprehensive weight loss plan and should be used in conjunction with a healthy diet and regular exercise.
- If you experience any unusual symptoms or concerns while taking weight management medications, do not hesitate to seek medical advice.
Which weight management medication might work for me?
The decision to use medication for overweight or obesity should be a collaborative effort between you and your health care provider. Factors such as anticipated weight loss benefits, possible side effects, current health conditions, other medications, family medical history, and cost should be considered.
How long will I need to take weight management medication?
The duration of weight management medication usage depends on its effectiveness in weight loss maintenance and potential side effects experienced.
- Adjust your treatment plan or explore alternative weight management medications.
- Experiment with different lifestyle programs, physical activities, or dietary plans.
- Review other medications that could contribute to weight gain.
- Consult a bariatric surgeon to discuss weight-loss surgery as a potential option.
Given that obesity is a chronic condition, long-term adherence to healthy eating habits, physical activity, and behavioral changes is crucial for sustained health improvements and weight management.
It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to monitor your progress and make adjustments as needed. Regular follow-up appointments can help track changes in weight and overall health. Additionally, support from a registered dietitian or a health coach can provide guidance and motivation in achieving your weight management goals.
Will I regain some weight after I stop taking weight management medication?
Upon discontinuing weight management medication, weight regain is anticipated. The U.S. physical activity guidelines recommend regular moderate-intensity aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening exercises.
Will insurance cover the cost of weight management medication?
Some insurance plans cover medications for overweight and obesity, but coverage may vary. Contact your insurance provider to determine if these medications are included in your plan.
It’s important to note that even if weight management medication is covered by your insurance, there may still be restrictions or requirements in place. These could include prior authorization from your doctor, meeting certain criteria for eligibility, or needing to try other methods of weight management first.
Before starting any weight management medication, it’s best to confirm with your insurance provider to avoid unexpected costs or issues.
Additional Information about Prescription Medications for Overweight and Obesity
It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions when taking prescription medications for weight management. Here are some additional considerations:
- Regularly monitor your weight, blood pressure, and other relevant health markers while on these medications.
- Discuss any potential side effects or concerns with your healthcare provider promptly.
- Some medications may require dosage adjustments based on individual response and tolerability.
- Combining weight-loss medications with a balanced diet and regular physical activity can enhance their effectiveness.
- Do not share your prescription medications with others, as they are tailored to your specific health needs.
Health care professionals may also use off-label prescription medications for obesity treatment by adjusting dosages or frequencies of administration, based on individual patient needs and responses.
It is important for health care professionals to monitor patients closely when using medications off-label for obesity, as the safety and effectiveness may not have been fully studied or established for this specific use.
Additionally, discussing potential risks and benefits with patients is crucial, as well as informing them about any potential side effects or interactions with other medications they may be taking.
Furthermore, ongoing research and clinical trials are essential to evaluate the efficacy and safety of off-label use of prescription medications for obesity treatment, in order to inform evidence-based practice and improve patient outcomes.
What other medications for weight loss may be available in the future?
Researchers are investigating novel medications and combinations to aid weight loss in individuals combating obesity by:
- Simultaneously regulating multiple gut hormones.
- Targeting obesity-related genes.
- Promoting fat loss while retaining muscle mass during weight reduction.
- Modifying gut microbiota to manage weight.
- Study on the impact of FDA-approved liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) on weight loss and gastric functions
- Examination of adolescents and young adults dealing with persistent obesity or insufficient weight loss after surgery
- Research on patients with obesity and binge eating disorder
- Analysis of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity
- Notify your doctor if you have an allergy to orlistat.
- Discuss medications that affect the immune system.
- Inform about any vitamins, supplements, or herbal products you are using.
- Avoid over-the-counter products that may interact with orlistat.
- Discuss any existing health conditions with your doctor.
- Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Severe pain in your lower back
- Blood in your urine
- Pain when you urinate
- Feeling tired or weak
- Loss of appetite
Clinical Trials for Prescription Medications to Treat Overweight and Obesity
NIDDK spearheads research trials in numerous health conditions, such as obesity, in order to explore innovative methods of preventing, identifying, and managing illnesses for improved quality of life.
What are clinical trials for prescription medications to treat overweight and obesity?
Engaging in clinical trials contributes to the progress of medical research and the enhancement of healthcare for future generations. Scientists investigate various aspects of using prescription drugs to treat obesity.
Watch a video featuring Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers, the Director of NIDDK, discussing the importance of participating in clinical trials.
What clinical studies for prescription medications to treat overweight and obesity are looking for participants?
Visit ClinicalTrials.gov to find federally funded research studies on the use of prescription medications for treating obesity. Consult your healthcare provider to discuss participation in studies for safety assurance.
References
References
For extensive information, refer to the following sources:
1. Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief 360. National Center for Health Statistics; 2020.
2. Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023;151(2):e2022060640.
3. US Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves weight management drug for patients aged 12 and older. Updated December 4, 2020.
4. FDA approves treatment for chronic weight management in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. News release. US Food & Drug Administration. June 27, 2022.
5. Weghuber D, Barrett T, Barrientos-Pérez M, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adolescents with obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;387:2245–2257.
6. FDA approves first treatment for weight management for people with certain rare genetic conditions. US Food & Drug Administration. Updated November 27, 2020.
7. Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review.
8. Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Progress in pharmacotherapy for obesity. JAMA. 2021;326(2):129-130.
9. Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Approach to obesity treatment in primary care: a review. JAMA Internal Medicine. Published online March 11, 2024.
This information is provided by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), aiming to disseminate research for better healthcare comprehension.
Acknowledgments to Kishore Gadde, M.D., Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Orlistat aids in weight reduction when combined with a low-calorie, low-fat diet and exercise plan. It is prescribed for overweight individuals with conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or heart disease. Orlistat works by blocking fat absorption in the intestines through enzyme inhibition, leading to fat elimination through feces.
How should this medicine be used?
Orlistat is taken orally as a capsule three times a day with main meals that contain fat. If a meal is skipped or does not have fat, skip the dose. Follow label instructions carefully and take it as directed.
Other uses for this medicine
This medication may also be prescribed for conditions not listed in the medication guide. It may be used off-label to treat certain skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis. Additionally, some doctors may prescribe this medication for certain types of bacterial infections. It is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations and only use this medication for the specific condition it is prescribed for.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking orlistat,
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Divide your daily intake of fat, carbohydrates, and protein among three meals. Avoid high-fat foods and read labels carefully to prevent intake of fatty particles. Take a daily multivitamin with fat-soluble vitamins when using orlistat.
Additionally, it is important to drink plenty of water throughout the day to help with digestion and absorption of nutrients. Incorporating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your diet can also help maintain a balanced and healthy lifestyle. Consider working with a registered dietitian to develop a personalized meal plan that aligns with your dietary needs and goals.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it has been more than an hour since your main meal.
Other less common side effects of orlistat include:
It is important to note that orlistat may cause vitamin deficiencies, particularly vitamin D and E. Your doctor may recommend taking a multivitamin supplement while you are on this medication.
If you experience any other unusual symptoms while taking orlistat, contact your doctor for further evaluation and advice.
What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?
Store the medication in a sealed container at room temperature, away from children.
In case of emergency/overdose
In case of an overdose, contact poison control. For emergencies, call 911.
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor, maintain a regular exercise routine, and do not share your prescription with others.